Currently, the most common forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease are nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, which affect various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. These pathological disorders are considered to be idiopathic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from the combined effects of environmental factors, social conditions, qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and immune factors. Modern research has identified the interrelations of the metabolism of epithelial cells in the intestinal mucosa and representatives of the microbiota with the body’s immune response through communication and regulation pathways, which allows the body to function properly. Understanding cross-regulatory pathways provides a basis for identifying therapeutic targets that can be influenced by metabolic modulation to inhibit inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Keywords: ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, immune response, microbiota

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