The first descriptions of impaired gastric motility in patients with diabetes mellitus were made by F. Boas in 1925 with subsequent radiological studies by T. Ferroir in 1937. The latter, in his diaries, wrote: "X-ray study in patients with diabetes showed lethargy gastric contractions compared with healthy – reducing slow, they lack courage, and they quickly fade." Later research team drew attention to the presence in some patients with long-term diabetes mellitus, clinical manifestations of delayed evacuation of gastric contents, similar to the complaints of patients after vagotomy. Rundles, R. Wayne and colleagues in 1945 at the X-ray study of gastric emptying described delayed evacuation of barium from the stomach in five patients with clinical evidence of diabetic neuropathy. The term "gastroparesis diabeticorum" was first used in 1958 by R. Kassandeh describing delayed gastric emptying in patients with diabetes mellitus, the absence of these organic cause obstruction. In his monograph devoted to gastric dysmotility, R. Kassandeh wrote: "I think that this syndrome is more ignored than not diagnosed."

Over time, the concept of "gastroparesis diabeticorum" slightly mutated in to «diabetic gastroparesis», keeping it attached to the original content. In modern medical literature terms "diabetic gastropathy" and "diabetic hastroparez" are used. However, according to some scholars, the essence of considered concepts do not match.

Thus, some authors, under the term "diabetic gastropathy" understand complications of diabetes, revealed a decrease in motor-evacuation activity of the stomach caused by the defeat and parasympathetic sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which clinically manifest dyspeptic syndrome. The term "diabetic hastroparez" is the highest phase of development of diabetic gastropathy and gastric atony, characterized by the complete absence of effective reduction of the presence of clinically silent (expanding the stomach, vomiting eaten food, etc.).

Summarizing the analysis of the professional literature on the problem of diabetic gastropathy we can say that in the modern world literature have described several pathogenetic mechanisms of hastroparezu in individuals with diabetes:

1. The theory of autonomous neuropathy (fewer pacemaker cells in the stomach, changing expression NO – synthetase in neuronal cells of the gastrointestinal tract);

2. The concept of "toxicity postprandial hyperglycemia" (hyperglycemia slows gastric emptying);

3. Reduction of acylated ghrelin and increase of non-acylated ghrelin slows down peristalsis;

4. Elevated Helicobacter pylori;

5. Emotional stress.

The above information indicates the relevance of diabetic gastropathy and encourages surching for effective methods of diagnostics and treatment in practice.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic gastropathy, diabetic gastroparesis

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