Today hip lesions in infants remains a challenge to childhood orthopedics [5, 6].

The most common diseases of the hip joints are congenital hip dysplasia and dislocation (subluxation) of the hip [4, 7]. According to various authors up to 82.2% of cases after conservative and operative treatment of this pathology develops deforming coxarthrosis, causing disability in up to 64% of patients [4, 6]. For the purpose of early diagnosis of these diseases all newborns should undergo orthopedic examination [1, 3].

For the diagnosis of hip pathology in children ultrasound diagnostics is highly informative as one of the modern non-invasive methods. To observe the dynamics of the hip joint development we may reuse ultrasound [1, 2, 3]. Particular attention should be paid to the risk group, which includes newborn with complicated hereditary, blood relatives that have congenital diseases of bones, born of abnormal pregnancy or childbirth, breech birth or other existing comorbidities that are easily diagnosed.

The aim of the work was prophylaxis and treatment of dysplasia in premature infants of hip joint.

We have studied the formation of the hip joints in 100 preterm birth (200 hip joints) and during first year of life by Graf method. Premature infants that were in incubators were examined under aseptic conditions, others – classically by Graf. Usage of ultrasound reveals soft parts of the hip joint – not ossified femoral head, U-cartilage, limbus, capsule and muscles, determines the ratio of articular ends, identifies developmental disorders.

Formation of the hip joints was observed in two groups: favorable and non favorable. The first group was observed in premature, born prematurely less than 6 weeks before normal time and weighing more than 1.5 kg., Without concomitant anemia or cerebral palsy (CP), the deficit at birth of bone roof angle (α) in comparison by Graf was under 5 degrees. The second group was observed in children born prematurely more than 6 weeks before normal time and weighing less than 1.5 kg., 80% had anemia or neurological disorder. The deficit of α angle at birth was more than 5 degrees, monthly decrease in the deficit compared to the schedule Tchaunera was less than 2 degrees.

Children with favorable forms had orthopedic and general prophylaxis, if condition was worsening the baby had orthopedic treatment and treatment of opportunistic diseases. Ultrasound control was carried out every two months to a year. At 8–10 months, most children even from non favorable group angle α was normal and was at the mean on Tchauneru.

Conclusions. Prematurity is a risk factor for having a child with immature hip joints.

Premature requires screening ultrasound examination of hip joint immediately after birth and in the next 4–6 weeks to develop treatment or prophylaxis. Prevention is assigned at birth to all premature and treatment is assigned to all unfavorable forms. Observations and ultrasound monitoring continues even during rapid normalization of α angle during the year.

Keywords: hip joint, formation, dysplasia, premature babies

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