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ECPB 2015, 71(3): 72–76
https://doi.org/10.25040/ecpb2015.03.072
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Cardiovascular complications in the use of excessive amounts of alcohol

KYJAK J., ONISCHUK Y., BASHTA G., PERETYATKO N., FARTUSHOK N.
Abstract

Medical and social consequences of acute and chronic alcohol abuse in our country to go on the list. The dominant place of mortality and disability in the population of Ukraine is mainly cardiovascular diseases. The dissertation is based on a survey of 110 patients with ACS, patients with STEMI were 51, with NSTEMI – 21 people and PSD – 38 people. To Group I included 58 patients with ACS who are often abused alcohol (> 30 g ethanol per day), occasionally drank vodka to 150–500 ml per day (without alcohol dependence). To the second group (comparison) included 52 patients with ACS who did not take excessive doses of alcohol. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 10 (20,4 %) individuals and groups, and in the second group -in 5 (13,5 %) patients. Supraventricular tachycardia recorded in 7 (14,3 %) patients of group and 3 (8,1 %) – II group. Acute left ventricular failure was detected in 8 (16,3 %) patients of group and 4 patients (10,8 %) in group II. Syndrome of transient prolongation of QT interval was diagnosed in 21 (42,9 %) patients of group I, group II were found in only 11 (29,7 %) patients. In 26 (88,5 %) patients II group before the occurrence of acute MI was stable angina, 17 – progressive angina. In 16 (32,6 %) patients of group registered Bundle Branch Block, in the second group, only 3 patients. Death from ventricular fibrillation with successful defibrillation registered in one patient of group. To assess the state of the myocardium and the size of the heart chambers patients underwent echocardiographic survey defined the size of the heart chambers and left ventricular ejection fraction. Study characteristics of cardiac remodeling under the influence of alcohol and excessive doses of LV functional status in patients of both groups held echocardiography examination with determination of the size of the heart chambers, wall thickness and LV ejection fraction. The average size of LP in patients of Group amounted to 4,45 ± 0,25 cm and 15 % above normal in the second group – 3,2 ± 0,3 cm. The average size of the pancreas in patients of group in averaged 2,65 ± 0,25 cm and 13 % above normal in the second group it was only 2,15 ± 0,13 cm. The average size of the left ventricle in patients of Group amounted to 6,7 ± 0,5 cm, which is 15 % higher than normal and a 12 % rate of LV in patients II group 5,5 ± 0,5 cm and the value is 12 % higher than normal. AP ventricular size in patients of group was, on average, 1,19 ± 0,15 cm and 14 % higher than the index rules and a 12 % rate group II (0,98 ± 0,7 cm). Ejection fraction (EF) of LV in patients and the group was on average 34,6 % less than in the norm (p < 0,01) and 23,3 % less than in group II (p < 0,05). Thus, when comparing the results of echocardiography of the heart first and second groups of patients found that patients who abused alcohol, dilatation of the left heart was observed significantly more frequently. Dilatation LA and LV they obviously contributed to arrhythmias. The results confirms the negative impact of ethanol on the remodeling of the heart chambers and LVEF decrease, and thus more likely in these patients to arrhythmias, heart failure and closures.

It is possible that prolonged use of excessive doses of alcohol will be needed in the treatment of both metabolic and developed organic changes. To address this issue is advisable to electrocardiographic studies in patients with ACS, depending on the age of patients and duration of excessive drinking that we planned for the future.

Keywords: alcohol, arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarct, echocardiography

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 848K

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