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ECPB 2015, 72(4): 80–85
https://doi.org/10.25040/ecpb2015.04.080
Clinical physiology and biochemistry

Formation of topographo-anatomical relations of ventricular system of the brain in the human embryos

KOMSHUK T.
Abstract

In most research there is no complex approach to the problem of morphogenesis and formation of structures of circumventricular system topography during the embryonic period of human ontogenesis [4].

The purpose of the study: to set features of ventricular system of the brain in embryonic period of human ontogenesis and reproduce the model of ventricular system using 3D-reconstruction.

Material and methods. To study features of morphogenesis and formation of syntopy of ventricular system series of consecutive histological and topohrapho-anatomical sections of 11 human embryos 4.5–13.0 mm in parietal-coccygeal length (PCL) were used.

From each series of histo-topographic sections three-dimensional computer reconstructions were produced to study the spatial structure of ventricles of the brain.

It formed cavities of brain blisters in embryos of 4.5–5.0 mm PLC wich walls are composed of two layers: the inner – ependyma and outer – small layer of connective tissue. At the end of the 4th week of embryonic development the brain consists of three brain blisters. Neural tube has extension in the anterior and posterior blister and constriction in the section of middle blister fold. Due to the intense growth of the ventral wall of blisters ventral brain fold is formed. In embryos of 5th week it is short and almost horizontal.

Germ of the IV ventricle of the brain in the embryo 5.7–5.9 mm PLC is formed from the cavity of diamond-shaped brain, which at this stage has cylindrical shape.

In embryos 5.5–5.8 mm PLC in diamond-shaped area of the brain appears bridge bend. In embryos 6.0–7.0 mm PLC are formed lateral protrusion of the front brain blister – telentcephalon vesicles from which to further develop the forebrain hemisphere.

In embryos 6.0–8.0 mm PLC due to the formation of eye socket separation of forebrain and intermediate brain takes place, development of the third ventricle is launched, the formation of interventricular holes that connect the lateral ventricles of the third ventricle with the brain and observed. In embryos 9.0–10.0 mm PLC the III ventricle takes ellipse shape, its longitudinal size is 1.4 ± 0.10 mm, cross – 0.2 ± 0.06 mm. In embryos 9.0–12.0 mm PLC defined the contours of the medulla oblongata, which is a continuation of the spinal cord. This central channel of the spinal cord forms a cavity of the IV ventricle, which has the shape of diamond. In embryos 11.0–13.0 mm PLC cavity of the III ventricle narrows and becomes more rhomboid shape. The longitudinal size of the III ventricle is 1.8 ± 0.41 mm, cross – 0.3 ± 0.05 mm. Interventricular holes are reduced in diameter. The length of the plate of intermediate brain roof is 3.4 ± 0.52 mm, its width is in front of 0.5 ± 0.11 mm and at the back – 0.2 ± 0.01 mm, thickness of the plate is 6.0 ± 1.5 mm. This is the period of formation of the vascular plexus of the III ventricle.

There is close relationship between the development of the brain cavity, particular its ventricles, and morphogenesis of relevant parts of the brain. During the complexity of the structure of brain ventricles, namely during the formation of the vascular plexus, may be violations that give a rise to defects in subsequent stages of ontogenesis. Based on the aforementioned, this period (6th week of embryonic development) can be attributed to critical.

At the end of the embryonic period rapid development of telencephalon and hindbrain is observed, which causes rapid differentiation of parts of the brain and its cavities, and slow growth of midbrain. The shape of lateral ventricles is under the direct influence of development of hemispheres and differentiation of their internal structures.

Keywords: ventricular system, embryo, morphogenesis, 3D-reconstruction

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 1.04M

References
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