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ECPB 2016, 75(3): 54–61
https://doi.org/10.25040/ecpb2016.03.054
Clinical physiology and biochemistry

Ergonomic Aspects of Dentist’s Workplace. Part 2

O. PETRYSHYN, O. KOHUT, V. HRYNOVETS
Abstract

The physiology of labor appeared as a self-discipline in the second part of the 19th century as a result of progress in social manufacturing. Starting from 60–70s of the 20th century the main principles of this science became the basis for the ergonomic aspects of dentistry.

Dentist health status is directly related to working conditions, and very important part of which is dental tools – dental office equipment, devices, instruments, materials etc. Dentists working conditions are significantly affected by planning and design of treatment rooms. That is why in Ukraine special requirements for dental treatment rooms are conducted. Here are some of them:

A dental practice room has to have spacious room with good natural light, area of at least 14 m2, for each additional dental chair – not less than 7 m2 and with universal dental unit – 10 m2.

To provide minimum 12 m3 of air per person the height of the room should be at least 3.3 meters, with unilateral natural lighting the depth of installed dental chairs should not exceed 6 m.

Dental chairs should be installed in a straight row near the windows.

The floor of the office is cemented and chipboard covered, the top is covered with rolled linoleum, which must be continuous and have the 5–10 cm transition onto the walls. Ceilings and walls are painted with oil or water-emulsion paints of pastel shades and reflection coefficient of more than 40.

Ventilation system is to be installed in a treatment room.

The optimal temperature during the cold season should be 18–23 °С, and the heat – 21–25 °С, relative humidity of 60–40 %, air velocity – 0.2 m/s.

Regardless of the type of ventilation all rooms must have air vents or transoms, dust suction systems should be installed in all rooms where they are needed All rooms must be supplied with water-supply and sewage system.

Sinks for hand washing must be installed separately from the shells intended for manufacturing purposes.

Dentist everyday practicing requires constant and considerable eyestrain. That is why lighting in a treatment room should be of sufficient power, the correct specter range, uniform, without blinding effect on the eyes and does not heat the working area.

All clinical dental rooms and dental laboratories should have adequate natural lighting. According to hygienic norms the ratio of the area of windows to floor area should be 1:4. Windows in cabinets should be directed to the north or equipped with blinds to avoid direct sunlight, which create significant variations in brightness in the workplace and overheat the room.

Artificial lightning can be general that usually provided by fluorescent lamps, and local – halogen and xenon light-sources. For last year’s LED lamps became more and more popular due to accurate range of color temperature, high light efficiency, minimal heating, energy-saving efficiency, durability. It is important the dental unit light not exceed the level of general lighting more than 10 times in the way not to cause doctor eyes fatigue.

Dentist workplace usually consists of dental chair, dental unit, operatory light, dentist and dental assistant chairs, separate working areas for doctor and assistant (includes furniture and specific equipment). Dental chair should be comfortable for the patient with articulated headrest, should provide different options of sitting and lying position, good access to operatory area, to be programmable and easy steered. All dental units should have quick and easy access to devises, to be well controlled and programmed. It is recommended modern units to be equipped with turbine hand-piece with lightning, high speed and low speed micromotor hand-piece with lightning, air-water syringe, piezoscaler, electro scalpel, patient communication system. Because dentist spending a lot of time sitting, it is extremely important the chair to provide adequate height and tilt, posture support and stability, mobility and comfort.

Nevertheless dentists should force manufacturers to pay more attention to ergonomic characteristics of products. It is important to remember that the products you have chosen must meet established standards, be included in the list of health products approved for use in Ukraine, have quality certificate and meet safety requirements.

Article Received 26.08.2016

Keywords: ergonomics, dentist workplace, dental equipment

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 1.01M

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