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ECPB 2016, 75(3): 62–65
https://doi.org/10.25040/ecpb2016.03.062
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Laboratory Diagnostics and Distribution of Serological Markers of Opisthorchiasis Among the Inhabitants of Lviv Region

I. CHERKAS
Abstract

Causative agents of opisthorchiasis are Opisthorchisfelineus and Opisthorchisviverrini, which belong to the Opisthorchis genus, Opisthorchidae family, Trematoda class and Plathelminthes type. Opisthorchisviverrini can be found in South-East Asia (China, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia). Opisthorchisfelineus affects mammals and people in southern, central and eastern Europe.

The inhabitants suffering from opisthorchiasis remains one of the major problems in Ukraine, since the second largest endemic core of Opisthorchisfelineus is located in the Dnipro basin. The centers of opisthorchiasis in Ukraine, whose causative agent is a trematode of Opisthorchisfelineus, are mainly concentrated in Sumy, Poltava and Chernihiv regions. Trematodes’ life cycle is complex: it takes several hosts and it is accompanied by a change of generations. Opisthorchisfelineus evolves with the participation of intermediate hosts – a freshwater clam of Bithynialeachi genus and fish of cyprinoid fishes.

The final hosts of Opisthorchisfelineus are human beings and mammals. They become infected when feeding on thermally crude fish of cyprinoid fishes containing larvae of a heminth – metacercaria. A helminth’s mature form (marita) parasites in bile ducts, a gallbladder, and pancreatic ducts for a few decades.

Opisthorchiasis should be regarded as a systemic disease caused by trematodes that have sensitizing, mechanical, and neurogenic effect on a body. The most dangerous complication of opisthorchiasis is cancer of liver, gallbladder and pancreas.

The primary role in the system of measures against the disease is taken by a timely diagnosis. A laboratory diagnostics of serological markers of Opisthorchisfelineus among the inhabitants of Lviv region was carried out. The ELISA method was used to assess the level of the inhabitants’ affection with Opisthorchisfelineus. During 2015 530 patients were examined on the presence of antibodies of IgG class, specific to Opisthorchisfelineus with the use of "indirect" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The positive results on the presence of specific antibodies of IgG class to Opisthorchisfelineus were found in 7 patients, which is 1.3 % from the total number of the examined inhabitants. The disease incidence of opisthorchiasis in Lviv region, according to the results of these studies, is low compared to the endemic areas in Poltava, Chernihiv and Sumy regions.

Uncertain results of the studies on anti-Opisthorchis of 0,75 % may indicate the invasions of Opisthorchisfelineus in the anamnesis or its chronic course. Since significant reduction of the level of specific antibodies during the chronic course of the opisthorchiasis invasion because of the protective mechanisms of the helminth is observed, it allows Opisthorchisfelineus to avoid the immune response in a human body.

The received negative results on the presence of specific antibodies of IgG class to Opisthorchisfelineus indicate a lack of specific antibodies in the blood serum of the surveyed inhabitants, or their concentration is below the limit of sensitivity analysis. The Opisthorchiasis diagnosis can be established only on the basis of serological test. To establish a final diagnosis and exclude diagnostic errors and inadequate treatment, the complex laboratory and instrumental studies should be taken into account.

It is necessary to conduct the in-depth clinical and immunological, epidemiological and ultrasound examination to all patients who have had the antibodies of Opisthorchisfelineus discovered.

Article Received 29/08/2016

Keywords: opisthorchiasis, specific antibodies of IgG class, serum markers

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 554K

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