The article provides a literature overview on the impact of different frequencies and amplitudes vibration on the body and also in bone. The ability of vibrating stimulus affect on the physiological remodeling of bone, and the feasibility of using high-frequency low amplitude vibrations in prevention of osteopenic syndrome and osteoporosis were investigated. It was noted that osteopenic syndrome and osteoporosis developed rapidly in terms of production activities.

Adapting to extreme factors action is associated with the restructuring of its regulatory system, which takes shape of pathophysiological responses. Tissue damage, dystrophic and degenerative processes may change the structure of bone cells, giving them the antigenic properties. Bone tissue has a key role in the complex system of mechanisms regulating homoeostasis of electrolytes, including calcium and phosphorus. Vibration can change the structure and functional status of bone tissue. This stress factor leads to imbalance of ionic composition of body fluids, which violates electrolyte transport between the extracellular space and cells of the body. Modern laboratory methods allow controlling a significant number of biochemical and immunological bone metabolism parameters.

The main aspects to consider are the following: level of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, macroelements (calcium and phosphorus) in biological fluids, osteocalcin in plasma, Procolagen type I N-terminal propeptide, Cros-lined telopeptide I type collagen and others.

Development of vibration disease and osteoporosis have common pathogenetic features associated with activation of the immune system, hyper production of pro-inflammatory and insufficients of anti-inflammatory cytokines, imbalances in the RANKL/RANK/OPGsystem, which activates osteoclastogenesis and increases bone resorption.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced health standards, normalizing effect on the human body vibration (ISO 5349-1, 2001). It includes frequency-weighting curve which gives the highest value of low-frequency high-amplitude local vibration (≤ 16 Hz) and much less for the medium and high frequency vibration. Nevertheless, epidemiological and experimental studies conducted in Europe and the USA indicated that the risk of vibration disease with osteopenic syndrome occurs mainly in workers contacting with the medium and high-frequency vibration.

The scientific literature review suggests that there is not enough data about the impact of vibration of the bone remodeling processes.

There is enough data to conduct the effect of the immune system in the pathogenesis of osteopenic syndrome under vibration stimulus. And scierntists are aware of unproven anabolic impact of high-frequency low amplitude vibrations on bone remodelling process. These studies are topical as they give the ability to detect violations of bone remodeling in persons contacting with vibration and increase the effectiveness of early diagnosis of osteopenic syndrome and osteoporosis.

Article Received 30/11/2015

Keywords: vibration disease, bone remodeling, mineral metabolism

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 0.96M

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